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Anthropological Linguistics Applied Linguistics Cognitive Science Computational Linguistics Discipline of Linguistics Discourse Analysis Forensic Linguistics General Linguistics |
Genetic Classification Historical Linguistics History of Linguistics Language Acquisition Language Description Lexicography Linguistics and Literature Linguistic Theories |
Morphology Neurolinguistics Not Applicable Philosophy of Language Phonetics Phonology Pragmatics Psycholinguistics |
Semantics Sociolinguistics Syntax Text and Corpus Linguistics Translation Typology Writing Systems |
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Anthropological Linguistics:
Includes Ethnolinguistics. Examples: The SIL Ethnologue, which collects data on the number of speakers of a language and the geographical region in which it is spoken. |
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Applied Linguistics:
Includes Bilingualism/Multilingualism, Contrastive Ling, ESL, Education, English Lang Studies, Literacy,
Methodology, Second Language Teaching, TESOL, Writing. Examples: Teaching materials, guides for language teachers, and studies of adult language learning. |
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Cognitive Science: Examples: An experiment on language and vision or a book on the study of mind. |
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Computational Linguistics:
Includes Artificial Intelligence, Computers and Linguistics, Machine Translation, Mathematical Ling,
Natural Language Processing, Text-to-speech. Examples: Books and papers dealing with Machine Translation, Text to Speech software, and algorithms to parse sentences. |
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Discipline of Linguistics:
Includes resources which are about linguists or the study of linguistics. Examples: an E-MELD paper giving guidelines to the linguistics community about archiving. |
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Discourse Analysis:
Includes Conversation Analysis, Courtroom discourse, Interactional Sociolinguistics, Humor. Examples: Transcripts of discourse, perhaps with turn taking and speaker overlap highlighted; papers on Discourse Representation Theory or on different talk types such as doctor/patient interaction; and audio and video tapes of interactive discourse which might serve as an object of study. |
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Forensic Linguistics:
Includes Language and the Law. Examples: Papers on issues in dispute in court cases, e.g., authorship identification, assessment of ambiguity in texts, voice attribution. Analyses of courtroom language are best classified under 'Discourse Analysis.' |
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General Linguistics:
Includes linguistic encyclopaedias. Examples: Broad, often introductory textbooks such as The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Language (Crystal, 1987), and glossaries of linguistic terminology. Resources that cover many subfields in depth, perhaps a dissertation on an endangered language with a detailed syntactic and phonological analysis, should be classified under all the relevant subfields instead of 'General Linguistics'. |
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Genetic Classification: Examples: A study of genetic relationships within the Afroasiatic family. |
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Historical Linguistics:
Includes Etymology, Language Change, Language Prehistory. Examples: A study of the diachronic development of vowels in Romance. |
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History of Linguistics: Examples: A biography of Ferdinand de Saussure, or an analysis of Plato's discussions on language. |
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Language Acquisition: Examples: First/Second Language Acquisition experiments; guides to experimental techniques in eliciting acquisition data. (Language teaching is 'Applied Linguistics'). |
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Language Description:
Includes Grammars; publications that describe the syntax, phonology, use etc. of a language or
family without necessarily making any theoretical claims. Dictionaries go under lexicography. |
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Lexicography:
Includes dictionaries. Examples: Books and papers about creating dictionaries. Swadesh word lists, a bilingual Avestan-Engliah dictionary, and a collection of legal terms in a particular language. |
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Linguistics and Literature:
Includes poetics and stylistics. Examples: An analysis of lexical patterns characteristic of a particular author or syntactic constructions used to create specific literary effects. |
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Linguistic Theories:
Includes Functional and Systematic Ling, Generative Ling. Examples: Papers arguing for or against Universal Grammar, Transformational Grammar, or Montague Grammar. |
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Morphology: Examples: A paper on morphological theory, Word Grammar (Hudson). |
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Neurolinguistics: Examples: A study of brain damage with respect to language impairment, a study of the neurological development of the brain during first language acquisition. The latter should also be classified as 'Language Acquisition.' |
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Not Applicable: Examples: Obituaries. |
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Philosophy of Language: Examples: A paper on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, a comparative study of verbal and non-verbal thought. |
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Phonetics:
Includes Articulatory Phonetics, Acoustic Phonetics, Auditory Phonetics. Examples: A sound inventory of a language, a study of the variation of articulation of a particular sound. Experimentation results should be classified under 'Phonetics' if they have particular relevance to the sounds of the language. |
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Phonology: Examples: Phonological theories applied to a particular language; that is, a study of the syllable structure of a language, or the rules behind sound alternations. |
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Pragmatics:
Includes non-verbal communication, language use. Examples: A study of politeness phenomena, honorifics, deixis or speech acts. |
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Psycholinguistics:
Includes Specific Language Impairment. Examples: A cross-linguistic study of acquisition of a particular syntactic constraint, a study of aphasic children's language development. |
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Semantics:
Includes logic. Examples: A paper on a semantic theory, such as Truth Conditional Semantics. A paper on color lexemes in a particular language. |
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Sociolinguistics:
Includes Cross-Cultural Communication, Dialectology, Folklore, Lang Contact, Lang & Culture, Lang Death, Lang & Gender,
Language Planning, Lang Variation, Pidgins & Creoles, Planned Languages, Politics & Lang. |
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Syntax: Examples: A syntactic description of a language, using a particular syntactic theory. A paper using language data to criticize a syntactic theory. |
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Text and Corpus Linguistics:
Includes Genre Analysis, Semiotics. Examples: A statistical analysis of the British National Corpus, on the use of modal verbs in spoken and written English. |
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Translation: Examples: A study of the relative merits of different levels of translation (that is, literal translation, word-for-word translation and so on). |
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Typology:
Includes Universals, Lang classification (regardless of genetic relation). Examples: An analysis of a poorly documented language in terms of Greenberg's Universals. |
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Writing Systems:
Includes logographic, syllabic, alphabetic systems. Example: A paper examining issues in a linguist's development of a writing system for a previously unwritten language. An examination of pictographic writing systems. A book on the decipherment of Linear B. |
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