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Ask-A-Linguist - Message details
Subject: Referring to self in second person
Question:
It seems that there's been a trend in increased use of second person when people are referring to themselves in speech.

Example:
Q: ''How did you feel when you lost your job?''

A: ''You're in shock. You get angry, you feel lost. You wonder what you could've done differently, but you have to move on.''


Has there been any linguistic research done on this aspect of language use? I'm trying to remember when I first noticed it. Thank you very much for any information you can provide.

Reply:
Hi, Debbie,

Well, yes, to give you a short answer. Indeed, while I don't remember ever seeing anyone discuss *all* 36 possibilities (in English) for personal reference (using 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person [3 possibilities]; singular or plural [times 2 possibilities]; for each of 'referred to' and 'form used' [in effect, times 6]), I do remember seeing at different times people detailing uses, for example, of 'we' for all 6 possibilities, on the one hand; I think I have also seen things like the use of all 6 possible forms (taking into account that the ambiguous 'you' in English *can* be disambiguated, for example by 'youse guys' or the like) to refer to, say, 'we'. Indeed, I remember being surprised at the relative naturalness of the examples listed. (Sorry, I really don't remember any concrete references; perhaps another Panelist will give you some concrete references.) Of course, all speakers are familiar with things like the 'royal we' (using 'we' to refer to 'I').

Your example, by the way, does not strike me as a particularly recent phenomenon. An Internet search might give you a better idea of just how frequent such uses have been over time. Perhaps a better search might be within a very large historical English corpus.

By the way, 3 persons and two numbers by no means exhausts the theoretical possibilities. Many languages distinguish singular, dual (exactly 2) and plural (3 or more), and a few languages have even more number distinctions. Likewise, many languages (for example, Algonquian languages) make a formal distinction between two 'first person plurals': 'you and me' versus 'him and me'). Even English can make such a distinction syntactically, or at least semantically.

Interesting question.

Jim

James L. Fidelholtz
Posgrado en Ciencias del Lenguaje
Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México

Reply From: James L Fidelholtz    click here to access email
Date: May-08-2009
Other Replies:
  1. Re: Referring to self in second person Charley Rowe    (May-08-2009)
  2. Re: Referring to self in second person Joseph F Foster    (May-08-2009)
  3. Re: Referring to self in second person Elizabeth J Pyatt    (May-11-2009)
  4. Re: Referring to self in second person Herbert Frederic Stahlke    (May-08-2009)
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