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Ask-A-Linguist - Message details
Subject: Individual speech and its qualities
Question:
I'm interested in how to go about answering the following. I just need the pointers to start with, as my query is about how to start.

I'm curious as to how any individual's speech becomes unique. One can recognize a particular person's voice sometimes quite easily from very small parts, and during a long association, one can become intimately familiar with it.

So starting from, say, me, I can see an expanding circle of "linguistic consideration"':

My individual voice (the actual tonality)
cadence
mannerisms
nuances
meanings and implications (semantics?)
accent
dialect
the language I am speaking

I am completely naive about the entire field and do intend to read a freshman text on linguistics. However, I would like to know the process (ie as many of the things - jargon/formal terms etc) that might be involved in going from say English as the language spoken and understood by many, to my own individual speech.

I used the term ''linguistic considerations'' because I can guess that at some point it becomes ''speech'' and a different department at the university! and because I am new to the field and would like to know the boundaries.

One way of answering my question might be to list, as I have done above, an expanding set of notions that move from an individual's speech & voice to the language at large. And of course it need not be a simple linear progression.

Appreciate any help,
Anil
College Park, MD

Reply:
The more interesting question is how it could be otherwise. Everybody's voice, and the organs that produce it, and the habits that allow them to do so, and their face, and their hair, and thousands of other characteristics, are unique. That's biology in action; individuals are, well, individual. They start off unique, and that's as true of language as of anything else. Uniqueness is information, and all individuals are loaded with it -- different DNA, different bodies, different experiences, different interpretations of the experience. Naturally, we're all different, in just about every way possible. That's the starting point.

But language has the potential to appear more or less universally interpretable (if you speak the language, that is), so we get the impression that it's non-individual, and thus individual speech differences become more obvious when we think about it, as you've been doing.

But the surprising part is that there's no way it can be non-individual. Everybody learns their language by imitating what people around them say, and figuring out how it all works. By themselves. People can help or hinder, but not really control, how children learn languages, and the result is that everybody learns their own languages, and then spends the rest of their life trying to pass as a speaker of the same languages as the people around them. With, of course, vastly varying degrees of success. The wonder is that we can understand one another at all, or at least convince ourselves that we do.

Some will say that language is in the DNA, but that's only because there's no place else they can think of. But even if that were true (and our current state of ignorance about molecular genetics is profound enough to keep us from disproving this hypothesis for a long time), it wouldn't explain how we manage to learn whatever languages are around us, nor how we sort out the individual differences and arrive at the belief that we're all speaking the same ones.

Simply amazing! This amazement is what's kept me interested as a linguist for half a century, and it seems unlikely to go away soon.

-John 

Lawler http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler 

"Bokonon invites us to sing along with him: 

'Horse got to run, bird got to fly, 

Man got to wonder, Why? Why? Why? 

Horse got to sleep, bird got to land, 

Man got to tell himself he understand.'" 

-- Kurt Vonnegut, "Cat's Cradle" 


				
				
Reply From: John M. Lawler    click here to access email
Date: Oct-15-2009
Other Replies:
  1. Re: Individual speech and its qualities Joseph F Foster    (Oct-15-2009)
  2. Re: Individual speech and its qualities Nancy J. Frishberg    (Oct-15-2009)
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