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Editor for this issue: Marie Klopfenstein <marielinguistlist.org>
hum.ku.dk>Dear colleagues, A while ago, I posted a query to the list concerning interrogative structures in varieties of French outside of France. The following people were kind enough to respond: Helene Ossipov Annabel Cormack Phaedra Royle Isabelle Barriere Bernadette Plunkett Marc Picard Sylvain Neuvel Richard Waltereit Robert A. Papen Pierre Larriv�e Melanie Sellar Julie Auger Philippe Barbaud St�phane Goyette Marielle Lange Malcah Yaeger - Many thanks to all of you! Here are the references I was given: Barbarie, Y. 1982. Analyse sociolinguistique de la syntaxe de l'interrogation en fran�ais qu�b�cois. Revue qu�b�coise de linguistique 12(1): 145-167. Barbaud, Ph. 1998. Dissidence du fran�ais qu�b�cois et �volution dialectale. Revue qu�b�coise de linguistique 26(2). Fox, C.A. 1989. Syntactic variation and interrogative structures in Qu�b�cois. Ph.D.-dissertion, Indiana U. L�ard, J.-M. 1982. Essai d'explication de quelques redoublements en syntaxe du qu�b�cois. Revue qu�b�coise de linguistique 11(2): 127-150. L�ard, J.-M. 1995. Grammaire qu�b�coise d'aujourd'hui. Comprendre les qu�b�cismes. Montreal: Gu�rin. (Chapter 3) L�ard, J.-M. 1996. Ti-tu, est-ce que, qu'est-ce que, ce que, h�que, don : des particules de modalisation en fran�ais ? Revue qu�b�coise de linguistique 24(2): 105-124. Lefebvre, Cl. 1981. The double structure of questions in French: A case of syntactic variation. In: Proceedings of NWAVE 1979. Lefebvre, Cl. 1982. La syntaxe compar�e du fran�ais standard et populaire : approches formelle et fonctionnelle, vols. 1-2. Langues et Soci�t�, Gouvernement du Qu�bec. Lemieux, M. & H.J. Cedergren. 1985. Les tendances dynamiques du fran�ais parl� � Montr�al, vols. 1-2. Langues et Soci�t�, Gouvernement du Qu�bec. Noonan, M.B. 1992. Case and syntactic geometry. Ph.D.-thesis. McGill U. Picard, M. 1991. Clitics, affixes, and the evolution of th equestion marker -tu, in Canadian French. Journal of French language studies 1: 179-187. Picard, M. 1992. Aspects synchroniques et diachroniques du tu interrogatif en qu�b�cois. Revue qu�b�coise de linguistique 21(2): 65-75. Picard, M. Submitted. L1 interference in second language acquisition: the case of question formation in Canadian French. Journal of French language studies. Vinet, M.-Th. 1997. Tu-pas en fran�ais qu�b�cois : identification grammaticale. in: L. Lapierre, ed., M�langes de linguistique offerts � Rostislav Kocourek. Halifax, NS, Presses d'Alfa. Vinet, M.-Th. 2000. Feature representation and tu(-pas) in Quebec French. Studia linguistica 54 (3). Homepage of the sociolinguistics research group at the U. of Ottawa: http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~sociolx Homepage of Belgian linguists from the ULB: http://www.ulb.ac.be/philo/serlifra/club.html Most people mentioned the -tu(pas) construction as perhaps the dominant way of forming yes/no questions in Qu�b�cois. This construction appears to be analogous to the dialectal -ti construction which is found in metropolitan French, in as much as it originates in a reanalysis of an inverted subject-clitic: 'Il veux-tu venir ?' The construction is apparently odd in the 2nd person plural. It was also mentioned that inversion in Y/N-questions is frequent in Qu�b�cois in the 2nd person, but apparently impossible in the 1st and 3rd person, and that intonation questions are much rarer in Qu�be�cois than in metropolitan French. Some people pointed to constructions of the type 'Qui qui es venu ?', found in WH-questions. This does exist in metropolitan French, but is apparently particularly prevalent in Qu�b�cois. ________________________________________________________________ Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen, Ph.D. Associate Professor of French linguistics Dept. of Romance Studies, University of Copenhagen Njalsgade 80, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Tel.: (+45) 35.32.84.54, Fax: (+45) 35.32.84.08 E-mail: majMail to author|Respond to list|Read more issues|LINGUIST home page|Top of issue