LINGUIST List 17.165
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Wed Jan 18 2006
Diss: Phonetics: Pennington: 'The Phonetics and Phon...'
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Directory
1. Mark
Pennington,
The Phonetics and Phonology of Glottal Manner Features
Message 1: The Phonetics and Phonology of Glottal Manner Features
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Date: 18-Jan-2006
From: Mark Pennington <mwpenninindiana.edu>
Subject: The Phonetics and Phonology of Glottal Manner Features
Institution: Indiana University, Bloomington
Program: Department of Linguistics
Dissertation Status: Completed
Degree Date: 2005
Author: Mark Pennington
Dissertation Title: The Phonetics and Phonology of Glottal Manner Features
Linguistic Field(s):
Phonetics
Dissertation Director:
Stuart Davis
Robert F. Port
Charles S. Watson
Kenneth de Jong
Dissertation Abstract:
The purpose of this dissertation is threefold: i) to determine the number
and acoustic-motor characteristics of the different phonation types, ii) to
develop auditorily-based speech processing methods suitable for the
measurement of glottal parameters, iii) to provide two equipollent pairs of
glottal manner features that categorize the phonation types into the
appropriate natural classes.
Nine pitch-independent phonation types appear necessary to account for
linguistically significant contrasts: 1) glottal stop, 2) whisper, 3)
breath, 4) harsh voice, 5) harsh whispery voice, 6) breathy voice, 7) tense
voice, 8) plain voice, 9) lax voice. The phonation types (1, 2, 3) form the
category of glottal noise while (2, 3) constitute voicelessness. The
phonation types (4, 5, 6) are categorized as noisy voice, the phonation
types (7, 8, 9) as pure voice. The three glottal noise phonation types (1,
2, 3) are characterized by aperiodic waveforms and exhibit increasingly
larger glottal openings from 1) glottal stop to 3) breath. Because acoustic
damping grows with widening glottal aperture, the first formant bandwidth
(B1) likewise broadens. The three noisy voice phonation types (4, 5, 6) are
characterized by periodic waveforms and have either considerable modulation
noise (harsh voice), aspiration noise (breathy voice), or both (harsh
whispery voice). The three pure voice phonation types (7, 8, 9) are also
characterized by periodic waveforms, but with no significant modulation or
aspiration noise, tense voice being cued by a flat spectral tilt, plain
voice by an intermediate spectral tilt, lax voice by a steep spectral tilt.
The nine phonation types are classified both by I. a three-by-three motor
hierarchy and II. a linear acoustic scale of derived glottal bandwidth
(GBW) that progressively narrows from 1) glottal stop to 9) lax voice. The
primary motor features of position consist of the antagonistic pair [voice,
noise]. The secondary motor features of stricture consist of the
antagonistic pair [constricted, spread]. To demonstrate the generality of
the feature framework adopted for glottal manner, equipollent feature
systems for vowel height, backness, and supraglottal manner (major class
features) are also proposed.
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