LINGUIST List 22.3269 Tue Aug 16 2011 Qs: 'like'/'manner' as Purpose Clause Marker Editor for this issue: Brent Woo <bwoolinguistlist.org> New! Visit LL's Multitree project for over 1000 trees dynamically generated from scholarly hypotheses about language relationships:             http://multitree.linguistlist.org/ We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate. In addition to posting a summary, we'd like to remind people that it is usually a good idea to personally thank those individuals who have taken the trouble to respond to the query. To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at http://linguistlist.org/LL/posttolinguist.cfm. Directory         1.     Yvonne Treis , 'like'/'manner' as Purpose Clause Marker Message 1: 'like'/'manner' as Purpose Clause Marker Date: 16-Aug-2011 From: Yvonne Treis <yvoennchegmail.com> Subject: 'like'/'manner' as Purpose Clause Marker E-mail this message to a friend Dear colleagues, I am looking for languages in which a morpheme meaning 'like' or 'manner' is used to mark purpose clauses. Here are some examples from Kambaata (Cushitic, Ethiopia) to clarify what I am looking for. In Kambaata, the enclitic morpheme =ga 'like' is used, among others, in the following constructions: Noun=‘like’ means 'like / in the manner of Noun' (1) adanch-o=ga ga'l-a agg-oomm cat.SG-fGEN=LIKE shard-mOBL drink-1sPFV 'I drank from a shard LIKE a cat.' Relative clause=’like’ functions as a complement clause e.g. with verbs of cognition ('know'), perception ('hear'), utterance ('say'), manipulation ('tell s.o. to do s.th., cause s.o. to s.o.) (3) ayeeti-la y-itaanti-'e=ga who.PRED-DISBELIEF say-2sIPFV-1sO.REL=LIKE dag-aamm know-1sIPFV 'I know THAT (lit. ''like'') you will say to me ''Who is [this]?!''. Relative clause=’like’ functions as a purpose clause ('in order to'/'so that') (4) mann-u [...] hoog-umb-o=ga people-mNOM become_tired-3mNEG.REL-mOBL=LIKE iyy-itaa-s carry-3fIPFV-3mO 'They [= horses] carry people so that (lit. ''like'') they don't become tired.' (A translation that better reflects the Kambaata word order: 'So that (lit. ''like'') people do not become tired, they [= horses] carry them.') Cross-linguistically, it is widely attested that 'like' can grammaticalise into a complement clause marker (usually via a quotative function) but I haven't come across many examples of 'like'/’manner’ being used as a marker of PURPOSE clauses outside of Ethiopian languages. (In Ethio- Semitic, North Omotic and East Cushitic languages, however, it is quite common to use ‘like’/’manner’ as a purpose clause marker.) The only non-Ethiopian example I could find so far is quoted in Schmidtke-Bode (2009: 76). Supyire (Gur: Mali, Carlson 1994: 586) Pi na wyige turu they PROG hole.DEF dig.IMPF ba pi gu m-pyi like they POT FP-do si lwOhO ta mE SUBJ water get like 'They are digging the hole in order to get water.' (lit. ''They are digging a hole as if they were to get some water.'') (NB: In the example above, tone marking was left out; E = open 'e', O = open 'o') Do you know of other languages in which 'like' or 'manner' is used as a marker of purpose clauses? I’d be interested to know about languages that 1) use ‘like’/’manner’ in purpose but NOT in complement clauses, 2) languages that use ‘like’/’manner’ in purpose AND complement clauses, 3) languages that use ‘like’/’manner’ as the primary means to mark purpose clauses, 4) languages that use ‘like’/’manner’ as one out of several means to mark purpose clauses, etc. Any comments and references would be much appreciated! I will post a summary if there are enough responses. Regards, Yvonne Treis References: Carlson, Robert 1994. A grammar of Supyire. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Schmidtke-Bode, Karsten 2009. A typology of purpose clauses. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins. ***************************************************** Dr Yvonne Treis Postdoctoral Research Fellow LLACAN - UMR 8135 du CNRS Centre Georges Haudricourt, Bat. C 7, rue Guy Môquet B.P. 8 94801 Villejuif Cedex FRANCE http://cnrs.academia.edu/YvonneTreis Linguistic Field(s): General Linguistics                             Historical Linguistics                             Typology Read more issues|LINGUIST home page|Top of issue Page Updated: 16-Aug-2011       About LINGUIST    |   Contact Us       While the LINGUIST List makes every effort to ensure the linguistic relevance of sites listed on its pages, it cannot vouch for their contents.