LINGUIST List 4.286

Wed 21 Apr 1993

Sum: Arabic MT and Text-to-Speech

Editor for this issue: <>

Directory

1. Robert J Kuhns, Summary - Arabic MT and Text-to-Speech

In response to my query for reports on research and development on
Arabic machine translation and text-to-speech technology, I would
like to thank Jean-Pierre Angoujard, Ken Beesley, Mary Flanagan,
and Marwan Shaban. Their combined responses are provided below.

Thanks again.

Bob Kuhns


********************** Arabic Machine Translation *******************

Products

English -> Arabic

App-Tek may have a PC product for English-to-Arabic translation.

App-Tek
1420 Beverly Rd.
Suite 120
McLean, VA 22101
703-821-5000

Systran has English to Arabic, but not the reverse direction. Their
software runs on IBM mainframes, but is available through dial up
service and leasing. The software can also be leased to run on a PC
equipped with an IBM 370 adapter card. Their address is:

Systran Translation Systems
7855 Fay Avenue, Suite 300
P.O. Box 907
La Jolla, CA 92037

For an on-line morphological analyzer with dictionary contact:

Thomas F. Seal
President
ALPNET
4444 South 700 East
Salt Lake City, UT 84058

801 227-2300

Arabic machine translation reports

Vauquois, B. (1986): "The Approach of Geta to Automatic Translation:
Comparison with some other methods", in: Wahab, A. and M. Sieny
(eds.) (1986): Studies in Machine Translation, Riyadh, 29-96.

Vauquois, B. (1983): "Automatic Aided Translation and the Arabic
Languages", in: ASST (1983): Proceedings, 157-176; also in: GETA
(1983), Chapter 9, 1-20.

Douglas Clarke, J., A. Fahmy and M. Ibrahim (1989): 'Arabic in
Machine Translation', in: CAM PROC 1, session 2a.1, 1-12.

Ewell, O. (1986): 'Computer Aided Translation: Design and
Implementation', in: Wahab, A. and M. Sieny (eds.) (1986): Studies in
Machine Translation, Riyadh, 143-49.

[Middle East Computing] (1984): 'Arabic Translation by Computer',
Middle East Computing, May 1984, 16-18.

Aboul-Ela, M. and M. Gheith (1980): 'Automatic translation and
Arabic', in: ProcKuw2, 489 (Abstract).

Wahab, A., A. Razzak and M. Sieny (eds.): Studies in Machine
Translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer
Aided Translation, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,
Riyadh.

Abdo, D. (1989): 'Some Difficulties in Machine Translation from
English to Arabic and From Arabic to English', in: ProcKuw2, 508-527
(Arabic).

Abdelhamid, A. (1973): 'A Transfer Grammar of English and Arabic,
Ph.D., Austin: University of Texas.

Aristar, A. and J. Slocum (1986): 'The Treatment of Grammatical
Categories and Word Order in Machine Translation', in: Wahab, A.,
and M. Sieny (eds.): Studies in Machine Translation, Riyadh, 155-183.

Sieny, M. (1985): 'Computer Aided Translation with Reference to
Arabic', in: WP KUWAIT, published in ProcKuw89, Section 11, 241-
248.

Sieny, M., A. Razzak and A. Wahab (eds.) (1986): Studies in Machine
Translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer
Aided Translation, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,
Riyadh.

IRSIT (1988): Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Informatics
and Arabization, Vol. 1, Tunis: IRSIT (Institut Regional des Sciences
de l'Informatique et des Telecommunications).

IRSIT (1988): Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Informatics
and Arabization, Vol. 2, Tunis: IRSIT (Institut Regional des Sciences
de l'Informatique et des Telecommunications).

Everhard Ditters is currently editing the "Processing Arabic Report."

Everhard Ditters
TCMO, Nijmegen University
PO Box 9103
6500 HD Nijmegen
The Netherlands
email: u279300hnykun11.bitnet

For Arabic-French MT, contact CNRS-LLAOR and Institut de
Recherche en Informatique et Telecommunications de Tunis.

Jean-Pierre Angoujard
CNRS-LLAOR
250, rue Albert Einstein
06560 Valbonne France

tel: 93 95 43 52
fax: 92 96 07 55
e-mail: jpallaor.unice.fr

Arabic-English MT is another project of Institut de Recherche en
Informatique et Telecommunications de Tunis (contact: Salem
Ghazali, email: ghazalitnearn.bitnet).


********************** Arabic Text-to-Speech *******************

Elshafei, A., M. Ahmed and A. Marzooq (1988): 'An Arabic
Text-to-Speech System', in: IRSIT (1988): Proceedings, 68-85.

Elshafei, M. (1989): 'A PC Board Bilingual Allophone-Based Speech
Synthesis', in: FKCC, 395-400.

Elshafei, M. (1989): 'Allophone-Based Arabic Speech Synthesis', in:
NCC 11, Vol. 1, 401-411.

Al-Ghanimi, M., and M. Abu Yazid (1989): 'A Proposed System for
Real
Time Synthesis of Arabic Words Using a PC', in: ProcKuw2, 453-461
(Arabic).

Al-Saad, A. and N. Al-Ahdadh (1989): 'A New Method for Arabic
Text-to-Speech Synthesis', in: ProcKuw2, 461 (1-11) (Arabic).

Al-Saad, A., N. Al-Ahdadh and W. Mahmoud (1989): 'Multi-pulse
Excitation Arabic Speech Synthesis', in: Proceedings of the IASTED
International Conference on Robotics and Manufacturing, USA.

Chiadmi, D., A. Mouradi, M. Najim, M. Ouadou and A. Rajouani (1986):
'Text-to-Speech Conversion in Arabic Language', in: WP Baghdad, B.1-
2.

Rajouani, A., A. Mouradi and M. Najim (1982): 'Synthesis of Arabic
Speech by Linear Prediction Coding', in: PWSPA Proceedings, Porto.

Rajouani, A., A. Mouradi and M. Najim (1983): 'On Text to Speech
Synthesis in the Arabic Language', in: ASST (1983): Proceedings.

Rajouani, A., A. Mouradi and M. Najim (1985): 'Arabic Text-to-Speech
Generation', in: WP Kuwait, published in ProcKuw89, Section 8, 135-
42.

Rajouani, A., A. Mouradi and M. Najim (1985): 'Unlimited Vocabulary
Synthesis System for Arabic Language', in: Proceedings of the 4th
International Conference on Digital Processing of Signals in
Communication, Laughbourgh University, UK, 329-31.

Rajouani, A., D. Abutajdine, M. Najim, M. Salhi and M. Zyoute (1988):
'Reconstruction of Arabic Long Vowels using Time Varying Linear
Prediction Technique', in: Proceedings of ICASSP 88, International
Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, New York,
USA,
Vol. i, 319-22.

Al-Imam, Y. (1988): 'Synthesis of Arabic Speech using Partial
Syllables', in: ARSIT, Vol. 1, Arabic Section, 1-15.

Al-Imam, Y. (1989): 'A Text-to-Speech Conversion System using
sub-phonetic Segments', in: IEEE Transactions on ASSP, Vol. 37,
December 1989.

Al-Imam, Y. (1989): 'Arabic Speech Synthesis', in: Processing Arabic,
Report 4, 21-28.

Al-Imam, Y. (1989): 'Synthesis of Arabic Speech', in: NCC 11, Vol. 1,
412-421.

Al-Imam, Y. and K. Banat (1990): 'Text-to-Speech Using a Personal
Computer', in: IEEE MICRO, 1990.

Al-Sultan, A. and M. Ahmed (1989): 'A Letter-to-Sound Algorithm
for
Automatic Conversion of Voweled Arabic Text to Speech', in: NCC 11,
Vol. 1, 330-341.

Mrayati, M. (1985): 'Electronic Speech Synthesis: Arabic Computer
Speech Output', in: ASST (1985): Informatics, 2B1 1-19.

Mouradi, A. (1985): 'Arabic Speech Synthesis', in: WP KUWAIT,
published in ProcKuw89, Section 8, 135-42.