The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the role syntactic categories play in anaphoric relations. Unlike personal pronouns in English, Japanese personal pronouns cannot be construed as bound variables. This cross-linguistic variation is captured under the hypothesis that personal pronouns in English exemplify what we call "N-Pronouns," and that binding applies only to functional heads. Consequences of this general constraint on binding are examined on empirical grounds such as demonstrative binding and pronominal coreference, and the approach is further generalized into obligatory control, inalienable possession constructions in French, certain types of verb phrase idioms in English, etc. by arguing that control in to DP as well as CP can be captured as binding into a functional head.