The Development of Phonology in Spanish and Portuguese applies Mayerthaler and Bailey’s seminal work in linguistic naturalness and markedness to child language development. The book focuses on Spanish and Portuguese in their many varieties, including their ‘daughter’ creole and fusion and koine languages, as it systematically examines the acquisition of a range of phonological constructions. The account is further enhanced by reference to historical language change, contact language phenomena and creolization. This highly integrated study demonstrates the impetus and predictive force of markedness theory. It is shown that first-language phonological acquisition, creole phonology, and historical phonology share a large number of universal features. Biological constraints such as language universals and markedness considerations interact in a significant manner in child language, creolization, and historical change with superstrate/substrate languages, and all are affected by the age of the speaker and sociocommunicational constraints such as literacy, borrowing, decreolization, and hypercorrection.

Contents

1 Introduction 1.1 Background assumptions 1.2 Research procedures 1.3 Sources of data 1.4 Contents

2 Phonological Markedness

2.1 The notion of markedness 2.2 Markedness and phonological universals 2.3 An integrated model of markedness 2.4 Summary

3 Spanish and Portuguese phonology

3.1 Input languages: La Plata Argentine Spanish and São Paulo Brazilian Portuguese 3.2 Source languages: Uruguayan Spanish and Southern Brazilian Portuguese 3.3 Substratum languages: Iberian Spanish and Portuguese

4 First language acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese phonology

4.1 The use of case-study methodology 4.2 Biological mechanisms of change in child language 4.3 Summary

5 Creolization of Spanish and Portuguese Phonology

5.1 Papiamentu 5.2 Palenquero 5.3 Reconstructing segmental inventories 5.4 Biological mechanisms of change in creolization 5.5 Sociocommunicational mechanisms in creolization 5.6 Summary

6 Fusion and compartmentalization of Spanish and Portuguese phonology

6.1 Selected dialects of Judeo-Ibero-Romance 6.2 Judeo-Ibero-Romance: The language spoken by Spanish and Portuguese Jews 6.3 Judeo-Ibero-Romance as a Spanish koine 6.4 Fusion in Judeo-Ibero-Romance 6.5 Diffusion, fusion, and compartmentalization 6.6 The psychological and social reality of linguistic fusion 6.7 Summary

7 Summary and Conclusions

References Index