This book stems from a workshop on the use of the mouth in European sign languages held at the University of Leiden, in The Netherlands, in December 1998. It reflects several areas of particular interest with respect to mouth patterns in sign languages: The meaning of terms which is not always immediately obvious in this respect, the use of Notation systems for mouth patterns, the consistency of mouthings and mouth gestures, especially in relation to the methodology used as well as situational, regional and social variation and the linguistic biography of the informant, and the status of the mouth patterns that come from spoken languages.Contents:Introduction1. A comparison of mouth gestures and mouthings in Norwegian Sign Language (NSL) / Marit Vogt-Svendsen, University of Oslo2. Mouthings and mouth gestures in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL) / Päivi Rainò, University of Helsinki3. A preliminary analysis of visual mouth segments in Swedish Sign Language / Brita Bergman, Lars Wallin, Stockholm University4. Mouthings and mouth gestures in British Sign Language (BSL) / Rachel Sutton-Spence, Linda Day, University of Bristol5. The sign that dares to speak its name: Echo phonology in British Sign Language (BSL) / Bencie Woll, City University, London6. Functions of the mouthings in the signing of Deaf early and late learners of Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS) / Penny Boyes Braem, Center for Sign Language Research, Basel7. Sign language as multidimensional communication: Why manual signs, mouthings, and mouth gestures are three different things / Horst Ebbinghaus, West Saxony University of Applied Sciences, Zwickau;Jens Hessmann, University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg-Stendal8. The linguistic primacy of signs and mouth gestures over mouthings: Evidence from language production in German Sign Language (DGS) / Annette Hohenberger, Daniela Happ, University of Frankfurt9. Multimodal representations and the linguistic status of mouthings in German Sign Language (DGS) / Jörg Keller, University of Hamburg10. Linguistic gestures: Mouthing in Italian Sign Language (LIS) / Roberto Ajello, Laura Mazzoni, Florida Nicolai, University of Pisa11. Mouthing in Indopakistani Sign Language (IPSL): Regularities and variation / Ulrike Zeshan, La Trobe University, Melbourne12. The role of mouthings in Sign Language of the Netherlands: Some implications for the production of sign language dictionaries / Trude Schermer, Dutch Sign Language Centre, BunnikSubject IndexPerson Index