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Contemporary metaphor theory has recently begun to address the relation between metaphor, culture and ideology. In this wide-ranging book, Andrew Goatly, using lexical data from his database Metalude, investigates how conceptual metaphor themes construct our thinking and social behaviour in fields as diverse as architecture, engineering, education, genetics, ecology, economics, politics, industrial time-management, medicine, immigration, race, and sex. He argues that metaphor themes are created not only through the universal body but also through cultural experience, so that an apparently universal metaphor such as event-structure as realized in English grammar is, in fact, culturally relative, compared with e.g. the construal of 'cause and effect' in the Algonquin language Blackfoot. Moreover, event-structure as a model is both scientifically reactionary and, as the basis for technological mega-projects, has proved environmentally harmful. Furthermore, the ideologies of early capitalism created or exploited a selection of metaphor themes historically traceable through Hobbes, Hume, Smith, Malthus and Darwin. These metaphorical concepts support neo-Darwinian and neo-conservative ideologies apparent at the beginning of the 21st century, ideologies underpinning our social and environmental crises. The conclusion therefore recommends skepticism of metaphor’s reductionist tendencies.

Table of contents

Dedication, v Typographical conventions, vii Table of contents, ix–xiii List of tables, xv–xvi List of figures, xvii Preface, 1–8 Section 1, 9 1. Introducing metaphor, 11–33 2. Metaphors of power, 35–87 3. Metaphors for humans and the living world, 89–118 4. Humans as animals, literal or metaphorical? 119–161 5. Interactions between metaphor themes, 163–214 Introduction to section 2, 215–216 6. Are metaphorical themes universal? 217–279 7. Grammar, metaphor and ecology 281–333 8. Capitalism and the development of ideological 335–402 Bibliography 403–414 Main index 415–422 Name and author index 423–426 Index of languages 427 Index of metonymy themes (X AS Y), metaphor themes (X IS Y), metaphor equations (X = Y) and theme reversals 429–431

"In his brilliant book Andrew Goatly convincingly argues that part of the blame for the way we have messed up our world politically, ecologically, economically, biologically, is on the deep-seated and largely unnoticeable metaphors that shape our thinking. As a first step to remedy the situation, we need to uncover these ideologically-loaded metaphors and look for alternative ones. The book is a clear, well-informed, and sometimes even moving appeal for understanding the role of metaphors in the human predicament." -Professor Zoltan Kövecses, Eötvös Loránd University