This book is a translation of the full text of the section on the Ainu language written by Tamura that was originally published in 1988 as part of the first volume of _The Sanseido Encyclopaedia of Linguistics_. The English translation was made under the auspicies of The Department of Asian and Pacific Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo, as part of its endangered languages project. Trained by Shiro Hattori (1908 - 1995), Suzuko Tamura is one of the leading experts in the Ainu language and has herself trained many of the younger Ainu language researchers now in their 30's and 40's. Practically the first book ever published in English which presents a detailed syntax of the Ainu language based on primary data obtained through field research by a first-rate Ainu scholar in Japan, it is a must for everyone interested in the Ainu language and/or is concerned about endangered languages in general.