The recent resurgence of interest in the evolution of grammatical form and meaning from lexical material has reinvigorated historical analysis and theory and led to advances in the understanding of the relation between diachrony and universals. The richness and potential of some of the leading approaches to grammaticalization are here illustrated in thirteen selected papers from a Symposium held at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee in April 1990. This is the second of two volumes deriving from the same symposium; the first volume, Explanation in Historical Linguistics, edited by Garry W. Davis and Gregory K. Iverson, was published by John Benjamins in 1992. Contributions by: W. Pagliuca, J.L. Bybee, K. Carey, U. Claudi, D. Cyr, R. Epstein, J. Haiman, B. Heine, P.J. Hopper, P. Kilroe, T. Ohori, J.C. Paolillo, J. Rubba, D.I. Slobin.