Query Details
| Query Subject: |
Library Funds: Linguistics vs. Literature
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| Author: | Trudel Meisenburg | |
| Submitter Email: | click here to access email | |
| Linguistic LingField(s): |
Morphology
Phonology |
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| Language Family: |
Germanic
New English |
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| Query: |
Dear friends and colleagues,
I'm currently working on a cross-linguistic study of subcategorization effects in morphology and phonology, and I'd like to appeal to the members of the listserv for examples and references. I will prepare a summary of the responses of this query for future reference on the list. The basic type of pattern I'm looking for is one in which a morpheme 'subcategorizes' for a phonological property of a neighboring morpheme, i.e., it only occurs when a subcategorized phonological property is present. For example, it is sometimes said that the adjective-forming suffix /-ful/ in English subcategorizes for a stressed syllable at the end of the stem to which it attaches, e.g., forgetful, cf. *forgettingful (Siegel 1973; though this example is more complicated, see Brown 1958 and Chapin 1970). Subcategorization effects such as this can block the application of a morphological process, as in the case with English /-ful/. Or it may be the basis of the selection of a particular allomorph when two or more morphemes compete for a particular collocation, e.g., noun-forming {-ei, -erei} in German, where -erei is chosen if the stem ends in stress, and -ei if the stem-final syllable is unstressed (Hall 1990, Hargus 1993); one might say therefore that -erei subcategorizes for a stem that ends in a stressed syllable. Examples such as these have contributed to the study of interactionism in phonology and morphology (Siegel 1974, Hargus 1993, Booij & Lieber 1993), the prosodic dependence/independence of morpheme classes (Inkelas 1989), the nature of alignment constraints (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Kager 1996), and the structure of OT grammars (Orgun & Sprouse 1999). If any examples like this come to mind (which are not already listed below) in the languages you understand well, I'd greatly appreciate it if you could take the time and respond with a brief description of the facts and the relevant references. Many of the examples listed below are prosodic in nature, but examples of subcategorizatin for segmental properties are also very welcome. As far as whether an example 'qualifies', it is best to err on the side of inclusion. In fact, any significant discussion of these phenomena (but see references below) or relevant examples of phonologically governed blocking and allomorphy would be most welcome. The list of examples and references below are my starting place, but if you know of useful discussion that builds on this work, or gives critical assessment, that would be helpful as well. Please address all correspondence to this address (repeated at the end of the message). Finally, please forward this message to colleagues who you feel would be able to contribute but may not be on this listserv. Thank you for your time. -John Alderete Examples: Dutch -ig (N->A), only attaches to stems ending in stressed syllables (may induce both blocking and stress shift, see Trommelen & Zonneveld 1989, Kager 1996) Dutch {-isch, -ief} (N->A), -ief is chosen when the final syllable is stressed in the underived base and ends in -ie, -isch chosen elsewhere (Booij & Lieber 1993) English /-en/ (A->V), only attaches to heavy syllable stems; cannot attach to stems ending in liquids, nasals, or vowels (Siegel 1974: 174-176) English /-ful/ (N->A), only attaches to stems ending in stressed syllables; cannot attach to stems ending in /v f/ (Siegel 1974: 164-174, Brown 1958, Chapin 1970) English /-al/ (V->N), only attaches to stems ending in c1V(c2)(c3), where V is stressed, c2 (optional) is [+son] and c3 is either a coronal or a labial (Ross 1972, Siegel 1974: 164-168) English /-ize/ (N/A->V), only attaches to stems ending in an unstressed syllable (Raffelsiefen 1996) English {-eteria, -teria}, -eteria when stem-final syllable is stressed, -teria elsewhere (Siegel 1974: 176-178) German ge- (perfective participle), only attaches to stems that begin with a stressed syllable (references welcome) German {-ei, -erei} (V->N), -erei if the stem ends with a stressed final syllable, -ei if stem ends with an unstressed final syllable (Hargus 1993, Hall 1990) Lappish {-ide, -ida} (illative plural), -ide when stem has an even number of syllables, -ida when stem has odd number of syllables (Hargus 1993, Bergsland 1976) Latin {-ia, -ie:s} (abstract nouns in 1st and 5th declension), -ie:s is blocked if before a heavy syllable (i.e., if it leads to 'prosody trapping', see Mester 1994) Polish {-s, -ejs} (comparatives), -ejs is chosen if the underived stem ends in an extrasyllabic consonant, -s otherwise References: Anttila, Arto. 1995. Deriving variation from grammar: a study of Finnish genitives. Ms., Standard University. Anshen, Frank, Mark Aronoff, Roy Byrd, Judith Klavans. 1986. The role of etymology and word-length in English word formation. Ms., SUNY Stony Brook/IBM Watson Research Center. Aronoff, Mark. 1976. Word formation in generative grammar. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Booij, Geert & Rochelle Lieber. 1993. On the simultaneity of morphological and prosodic structure. In Hargus & Kaisse (eds.), pp. 23-44. Brown, A.F. 1958. The derivation of English adjectives ending -ful. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Chapin, Paul. 1970. On affixation in English. In Manfred Bierwisch & Karl E. Heidolph (eds.), pp. 51-63, Progress in linguistics. A collection of papers. The Hague: Mouton. Fabb, Nigel. 1988. English suffixation is constrained only by selectional restrictions. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6: 527-539. Hall, T. 1990. Syllable structure and syllable-related processes in German. Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington. Hargus, Sharon. 1993. Modeling the phonology-morphology interface. In Hargus & Kaisse (eds.), pp. 45-74. Hargus, Sharon & Ellen Kaisse. 1993. Phonetics and Phonology 4. Studies in Lexical Phonology. San Diego: Academic Press. Inkelas, Sharon. 1989. Prosodic constituency in the lexicon. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University. Ito, Junko & Jorge Hankamer. 1989. Notes on monosyllabism in Turkish. In Junko Ito & Jeff Runner (eds.), Phonology at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz: Linguistics Research Center, pp. 61-69. Kager, Rene. 1995. On affix allomorphy and syllable counting. Ms., Utrecht University. Kager, Rene. 1996. Stem stress and peak correspondence in Dutch. Ms., Utrecht University. McCarthy, John & Alan Prince. 1993. Generalized alignment. Yearbook of Morphology 1993, pp. 79-153. Mester, Armin. 1994. The quantitative trochee in Latin. NLLT 12: 1-61. Orgun, Cemil Orhan & Ronald Sprouse. 1999. From MParse to Control: deriving ungrammaticality. Phonology 16: 191-224. Prince, Alan & Paul Smolensky. 1993. Optimality Theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar. Ms., Rutgers University & University of Colorado, Boulder. Raffelsiefen, Renate. 1996. Gaps in word formation. In Ursula Kleinhenz (ed.), Interfaces in phonology. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 194-209. Ross, John. 1972. A reanalysis of English word stress. In Michael Brame (ed.), pp. 227-323, Contributions in generative phonology. Austin: University of Texas Press. Siegel, Dorothy. 1974. Topics in English morphology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT. Trommelen, Mieke, & Wim Zonneveld. 1989. Klemtoon en Metrische Fonologie. Muiderberg: Coutinho. ============================================================= Dr. John D. Alderete, Postdoctoral Associate Department of Linguistics Center for Cognitive Science 18 Seminary Place 152 Frelinghuysen Road New Brunswick NJ, 08901-1184 Piscataway NJ, 08854 Office: 003 (basement) Office: A109 (Psych Addition) Phone: (732) 932-3217 Phone: (732) 445-6157 Fax: (732) 932-1370 Fax: (732) 445-6715 Email: alderete@ruccs.rutgers.edu Website: http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~alderete/ ============================================================ |
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| LL Issue: | 12.3046 | |
| Date posted: | 05-Dec-2001 | |
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