Summary Details
| Query: |
Use of the Term 'Reporting'
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| Author: | Minako Nakayasu | |
| Submitter Email: | click here to access email | |
| Linguistic LingField(s): |
Discourse Analysis
General Linguistics Pragmatics |
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| Summary: |
Dear Linguists,
Several months ago I posted a question (Linguist 11.1695) on the term 'reporting.' I apologize for being late in posting a summary. The query goes as in the following: Dear Linguists, Does anyone know who is the first to use the term 'reporting'? Or do you know an umbrella term which covers reported thought and perception as well as reported speech? As far as I know, Thompson (1994) uses 'reporting,' and Janssen and van der Wurff (1996) (and many others) employ 'reported speech.' Thank you very much in advance. I will post a summary if I receive enough responses. References Janssen, Th. A. J. M. and Wim van der Wurff. 1996. Reported Speech: Forms and Functions of the Verb. (Pragmatics & Beyond: New Series 43). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Thompson, Geoff. 1994. Reporting. (Collins COBUILD English Guides 5). London: HarperCollins. I would like to express my deep gratitude to the following linguists, who have given me quick responses and valuable information: Prof. Theo A. J. M. Janssen Dr. Zouhair Maalej Dr. I. R. Warner Martin Wynne (ABC order; the title according to each linguist) The following is the result. Professor Janssen: informed me that the oldest reference of 'reported speech' he knows of is Ullmann (1957). Dr. Maalej: finds the term 'presentation' used by Leech & Short (1981) and Short (1996) more convenient than 'reporting.' He also let me know that Mick Short had a talk about 'speech, thought, and writing presentation' and referred me to Short (1984) and Short, Wynne & Semino (1999). Dr. Warner: gave me several examples of the terms: 'indirect discourse' (including 'free' ID) in romance language circles, 'projection' (reports, ideas, facts) as a clause type discussed by M. A. K. Halliday, 'representation' (either through 'resemblance' or 'interpretation of a speaker's opinions or thoughts) in Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson, Blakemore, etc.). Saying that she is interested in if anyone has studied this problem not simply one of terminology but of paradigm, she also mentions Volosinov/Bakhtin-inspired approaches, which treats language use as contextualized utterances which are polyphonic or dialogic in that different voices are incorporated (e.g. Bakhtin (1981) and Bakhtin (1986), which Allan Bell mentions in his book on media discourse, and Volosinov (1973)). Martin Wynne: pointed out that terms such as 'reporting' and 'reported speech,' ('representation' as well) are problematic especially where there has not been a prior speech event, and gave me an explanation of the terminology in the work by Short, Semino, Culpeper and himself, where they ''have developed the Leech and Short model of categories of 'reporting', and have found it necessary to talk about 'speech, thought and writing presentation', as there are specific forms and functions associated with reports of written language.'' Their works (see the bibliography below as well as his website) prefer to stress the specificity of the different modes such as 'thought presentation' (for thought events) 'narration of internal states (NI) (for cases of perception, emotion and other psychological processes and states),' rather than to stress the hypernym 'discourse' employed by authorities such as Fludernik (1993). As for the hypernym or superoredinate, Martin considers the term 'reporting' as problematic, because it is also often used to refer to one of the more specific categories (i.e. indirect forms as opposed to direct ones). He also informed me of what Mick Short pointed out to him, '''Report' also tends to get used by the grammarians, who by and large use made-up examples and so the issue of accuracy of report never really arises. The CDA [critical discourse analysis, e.g. Norman Fairclough] people use 'representation' because they want to stress variations with respect to so-called 'report' which they claim are there for unreasonable reasons - strategies of discourse engineering etc.'' Bibliography Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikha. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. (University of Texas Press Slavic Series 1). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikha. 1986. Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. (University of Texas Press Slavic Series 8). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Fludernik, Monika. 1993. The Fictions of Language and the Languages of Fiction: the Linguistic Representation of Speech and Consciousness. London/New York: Routledge. Leech, Geoffrey N. & Michael H. Short. 1981. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. (English Language Series 13). London, etc.: Longman. Semino, Elena, Mick Short & Martin Wynne. 1999. ''Hypothetical Words and Thoughts in contemporary British Narratives.'' Narrative 7: pp. 307-334. Short, Mick. 1984. Speech Presentation, the Novel and the Press. Lancaster Papers in Linguistics 30: pp. 1-26. Short, Mick. 1996. Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose. (Learning about Language). London, etc.: Longman. Short, Mick, Elena Semino & Jonathan Culpeper. 1996. ''Using a Corpus for Stylistics Research: Speech and Thought Presentation.'' In: Jenny Thomas and Mick Short (eds.), Using Corpora for Language Research: Studies in the Honour of Geoffrey Leech, London, etc.: Longman. Short, Mick, Elena Semino & Martin Wynne. 1997. ''A (Free Direct) Reply to Paul Simpson's Discourse.'' Journal of Literary Semantics 26: pp. 219-228. Short, Mick, Martin Wynne & Elena Semino. 1999. ''Reading Reports: Discourse Presentation in a Corpus of Narratives, with Special Reference to News Reports.'' In: Hans-Jurgen Diller & Erwin Otto Gert Stratmann (eds.), English via Various Media (Anglistik & Englischunterricht), Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter: pp. 39-66. Ullmann, Stephen. 1957. ''Reported Speech and Internal Monologue in Flaubert.'' In: Style in the French Novel, Cambridge, etc.: Cambridge University Press: pp. 94-197. Wynne, Martin, Mick Short & Elena Semino. 1998. ''A Corpus-based Investigation of Speech, Thought and Writing Presentation in English Narrrative Texts.'' In Antoinette Renouf (ed.), Explorations in Corpus Linguistics (Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics 23; Proceedings from the 18th ICAME Conference), Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi: pp. 231-245. Website Speech & Thought Presentation Corpus (maintained by Martin Wynne) http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/eiamjw/stop/ (Ms) Minako NAKAYASU Shigakukan University, Kagoshima, Japan/ Graduate School of Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan Email: nakayasu@kwc-u.ac.jp (I have changed the email address from nakayasu@ace.yasuda-u.ac.jp. However, nakayasum@hotmail.com, which I used when I posted a query, is still active.) |
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| LL Issue: | 12.991 | |
| Date Posted: | 09-Apr-2001 | |
| Original Query: | Read original query | |
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