Summary Details
| Query: |
sum: verbal inflection
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| Author: | J M Koppen | |
| Submitter Email: | click here to access email | |
| Linguistic LingField(s): |
General Linguistics
Syntax |
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| Language Family: |
East Scandinavian
West Scandinavian |
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| Summary: |
Last week I posted the following question on Linguist List
I am looking for languages which have the same - or a similar - construction. The orders I am particularly interested in are: verbal root - subject (pronoun/agreement) - tense (affix) verbal root - subject (pronoun) - agreement (affix) I received information about a lot of different languages. I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who sent me an e-mail with information. Yves Roberge and David Heap told me that this phenomenon is found in Portugese, Old Spanish and Modern Spanish dialects with object clitics. In Portugese it is possible (presumably in the future and conditional). In Spanish it is only possible with imperatives and infinitives. He gave the following examples: 1a Si?nteNseN Portugese sit-INFL-reflexive clitic-INFL 1b Si?nteseN sit-reflexive clitic-INFL 2 Spanish (David Heap) Las personas tienen el derecho de dormir y divertirseN Iban a los lavaderos en vez de ducharseN They gave me the following references: Minkoff (MIT Working Papers in linguistics #20,1993) Roberge & Cummins MIT Working Papers in Linguistics #22 (1994) - -------------------- Taylor Roberts provided me with information about Kurdish This language permits its second-position ergative clitic to intervene between the verb stem and the object-agreement suffix. The following references were supplied: Jennifer VanLoon (1997), ''Pronominal morphology in Sulimani Kurdish,'' pp. 162 & 166 Lizanne Kaiser (ed) ''Yale a-morphous linguistics essays: studies in the morphosyntax of clitics'' pp 151-174 - ------------ Pius ten Hacken also wrote about Portugese (as did Michael Cysouw & F. Dubert Garc?a). The following example was provided: levarei ('I will lift') leva-lo-ei ('I will lift it'). In this example the object pronoun lo intervenes between the verbal stem and the future affix. The following reference was provided: Ten Hacken, Pius (1994), Defining Morphology: A Principled Approach to Determining the Boundaries of Compounding, Derivation, and Inflection, Hildesheim: Olms. - ------------------------------- John Lawler wrote that in the Austronesian language Acehnese, the following construction is found: Subj.NP tns/asp-subj.agr-Verb is replaced by tns/asp-Subj.NP-Verb I.e, the full NP subject replaces the agreement prefix, for emphatic effect. He gave the following references: Asyik, Abdul Gani, 1988, A Sentence Grammar of Achenese, PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan. Durie, A., 1985, A Grammar of Acehnese on the Basis of a Dialect of North Aceh (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Nr. 112, Foris). Lawler, J., 1977, ''A Agrees with B in Achenese: A Problem for Relational Grammar,'' in Syntax and Semantics 8: Grammatical Relations,eds. P. Cole and J. Sadock, Academic Press. Lawler, J., 1975, ''On Coming to Terms in Achenese: The Function of Verbal Dis-Agreement,'' Proceedings of the Parasession on Functionalism, Chicago Linguistic Society. Lawler, J., 1988, ''On the Questions of Acehnese 'Passive','' Language 64:1. Lawler, J., 1990, Review of Durie (1985), Lingua 82:4. - -------------------------------------------- Joan Smith wrote me about Turkish. it is possible with the 3rd pers. plural suffix (which is the same for verbs,nouns and adjectives 1a Zengin-ler-mis Rich-3rdpers.pl-reported 'They are (apparently) rich' 1b Zengin-mis-ler 2a Zengin degil-ler-mis Rich not-3rdpers.pl-reported 2b zengin degil-mis-ler 3 Gid-iyor-lar-mis Go-progressive-3rdpers.pl-reported 'They are (apparently) going' 4 Gel-iyor-lar-sa Come-progressive-pl-conditional 'If they are coming' 5 Gel-iyor-sa-niz [the last i doesn't have a dot] Come-progrss-conditional-2ndprespl 'If you(pl) are coming' An almost complete range of conjugations can be found at: http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Facility/3484/links-to-turkish-verb-tenses.html - ---------------------- Gregory Stump wrote that Romany has verb forms having the structure Root - SubjAgr - Tense. G. Stump 'On Rules of Referral', In:Language, 1993; J.Sampson's 'The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales'. OUP, 1926 - --------------------- Marjo van Koppen j.m.van.koppen@let.leidenuniv.nl |
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| LL Issue: | 12.1629 | |
| Date Posted: | 20-Jun-2001 | |
| Original Query: | Read original query | |
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