Summary Details
| Query: |
An Unusual Spanish Construction
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| Author: | Colin Whiteley Whiteley | |
| Submitter Email: | click here to access email | |
| Linguistic LingField(s): |
General Linguistics
Syntax |
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| Summary: |
Some weeks ago I posted the following query about an unusual Spanish
construction: >I have just come across a construction in Spanish which I had never seen >before. The very well read native speaker who gave it to me assures me it >is unusual but correct. It is: > >''Se le habiamos olvidado'', in the sense of ''(Ella) se habia olvidado de >nosotros''. > >As a fluent, non-native speaker of Spanish, I immediately judged this to be >ungrammatical, but my informant insists it is acceptable, though very >unusual. I should like to know the opinion of other native speakers on the >Linguist list. If you find it acceptable, please suggest how it should be >analysed, e.g. whether the verb is 1st person plural or 3rd person singular >+ a suffixed pronoun ''-mos''. > >I will post a summary if the results are worthwhile. My sincere thanks to the 15 people who replied, most of whom were native speakers of Spanish, from both Europe and Latin America. The responses were mostly remarkable for their variety, ranging from: ''I'm a native speaker of River Plate Spanish and this construction seems perfectly grammatical to me.'' (Florencia Franceschina) to ''This is absolutely ungrammatical. Your informant must be kidding!'' (Daniel Ria?o Rufilanchas, Madrid). Some, like Jos? Luis Mend?vil Gir? (Zaragoza), accept it after some initial hesitation: ''Mi primera reacci?n como hablante nativo ha sido la misma que la tuya (si te sirve de consuelo), pero la verdad es que pens?ndolo un poco debo estar de acuerdo con tu informante: es aceptable, aunque ciertamente inusual''. Those who find the sentence acceptable do so by analogy with constructions such as ''se le habian olvidado las llaves'', where the subject is ''llaves'' and ''le'' is an indirect object. Here's a partial conjugation suggested by Florencia Franceschina: a) ''Se me hab?a olvidado la leche.'' b) ''Se te hab?an olvidado los ni?os.'' c) ''Se le hab?amos olvidado nosotros.'' I don't think that anybody would doubt the well-formedness of a) and b), but they both have 3rd person subjects, which agree with ''se'', (if we take ''se'' to be a reflexive direct object), whereas c) is 1st person plural. To keep the analogy strict, c) would presumably have to be ''Nos le hab?amos olvidado nosotros'', but this sounds pretty odd too! Perhaps the ''se'' is not a reflexive particle in this case, but something else, and can occur in a sentence with a 1st person plural verb form. If that is the case, we should be able to find other examples. Two respondents searched for other occurences of ''se le habiamos...'' and could find nothing. But I would still be very interested in hearing from anybody who can offer further examples. Jose Luis Mendivil postulates the following scenario: ''Intento explicarme: el ejemplo no significa 'ella se hab?a olvidado de nosotros' en el sentido de que ya no se acordaba de nosotros, sino que se hab?a olvidado incluir 'nosotros' en alguna actividad o categor?a, por ejemplo ponernos en una lista de personas que van a entrar gratis a la Opera. Considera el siguiente di?logo: - ?C?mo es que hab?is tenido que pagar la entrada para El Liceo si Luisa dijo que os pondr?a en la lista de invitados? - Pues porque se le hemos olvidado nosotros y no nos ha puesto en la lista.'' Dr Mendivil also offers some interesting comments on the semantic implications of sentences using ''olvidarse/olvidarse de'' and related verbs, which I copy below. The only normal situation where ''se'' does not agree with the grammatical subject is when it is an indirect object and not a reflexive pronoun, but it's difficult to see how that could apply to the present case, since there is already an indirect object, ''le''. Danilo Vilicic says: ''... the pronoun ''se'' ,I think is taken from constructions like:se lo dije,etc.But anyways you will always hear :''se lo'',never ''se le''.It's a double dative!!!! And the pronoun se in ''se lo'' comes from old spanish llelo>gelo>se lo(latin:illi illum),and it has nothing to do with the reflexive pronoun ''se''.'' My own conclusion, for what it's worth, is that nobody has been able to justify by analysis a sentence which only a very small numbers of native speakers accept as well-formed, and which only one to my knowledge claims ever to have heard before (my original informant). It may therefore be that these speakers are using some sort of subconscious analogy which we have not yet brought to light. It's safe to say that anybody using this construction will generally be judged to be making a ''lapsus linguae''. I give below the full text of all the replies, including some interesting comments from Jos?-Luis Mendivil on the semantic implications of sentences using ''olvidarse/olvidarse de'' and related verbs. I should be delighted to receive any further comments on this construction or on unusual uses of ''se'' in general. Colin Whiteley Barcelona, Spain __________________________________________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Larry [mailto:be262@scn.org] Sent: 06 November 2000 02:29 To: Colin Whiteley Subject: Re: Unusual Spanish Form Hi, for what it's worth, something (unrelated?) from English that was triggered in my mind when I read your post: the expression ''this cabin sleeps 5'' struck me, the first time I heard it, as perfectly understandable and perfectly ungrammatical. :-) I wonder whether we have already reached the stage where native speakers no longer cringe at hearing this phrase. Not much help as regards your query, but I thought you might find it interesting evertheless. Regards: Larry _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Grupo Buck de Argentina [mailto:buck@mail.pccp.com.ar] Sent: 06 November 2000 06:23 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Re: Unusual Spanish construction Hi, Colin. Greetings from Argentina! My two (very small) cents... and please double-check my statements! As a native Spanish speaker, I never heard that in my life, either. But IMHO there is no agreement between subject (''Ella/El'', 3rd. person singular) and verb (''hab?amos'', 1st. person plural), so the sentence seems ungrammatical. The easy and alternative way of saying ''Ella se hab?a olvidado de nosotros'' would be ''Nos hab?a olvidado''. Stretching things a bit, the sentence under analysis could be written as: ''Se le hab?a olvidado acordarse de nosotros'' or ''Se le hab?a olvidado recordarnos'' (She had forgotten to remember us)... always subject and verb in agreement. Now, the reflexive particle ''Se'' allows for impersonal constructions too, like: ''Se hab?a informado al pasajero que...'' (The passenger had been told that...) or even ''Se le hab?a dicho al pasajero...'' (doubling the indirect object). But in this case, the verb always goes in 3rd. person singular (you don't say: ''Se hab?amos dicho'' or ''Se le hab?amos dicho''). This is similar to the ''weather It'' in English. If usage counts, I did a brief research in a search engine (www.raging.com): ''se le hab?amos'' yielded 0 matches ''se le hab?a'' yielded 4.771 matches ''se le hab?a olvidado'' yields 172 matches Another search engine (google.com): ''se le hab?amos'' yielded 0 matches ''se le hab?a'' yielded 11.600 matches ''se le hab?a olvidado'' yields 545 matches It would be interesting to hear about the syntactical analysis (or specific usage reference) your native speaker offers for this sentence. Regards, Bernieh. - -------------------------------------------------------------- Bernardo Humberto Banega (h) Grupo Buck de Argentina | Universidad Tecnol?gica Nacional mailto:buck@mail.pccp.com.ar | mailto:banega@rec.utn.edu.ar http://www.pccp.com.ar/buck | http://www.utn.edu.ar MOO news, see http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/moonlight English Teaching/Learning, see http://bernieh.com.ar - -------------------------------------------------------------- _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Vallop@aol.com [mailto:Vallop@aol.com] Sent: 06 November 2000 08:05 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Cc: vald0016@tc.umn.edu Subject: Unusual Spanish Construction Colin, I don't think ''Se le hab?amos olvidado'' is correct. There is a song I know with the title ''Te me olvidas''. As you can see, the first pronoun is a reflexive that has to agree with the subject of the verb... So, if anything, it would be ''Nos le hab?amos olvidado'', but I confess that that sounds very bizarre to my native-Spanish ears, although it is probably grammatically correct. Ren? _________________________________ Hi, I'm not a native speaker of Spanish, but near-native, and it seems to me that this construction is possible by analogy to constructions ''se le cayo la taza'', ''se le rompieron los cristales'' etc. which has to do with the unexpected ''se''. For me, the verb in your construction is the 1st person plural, but I'm not a syntactition. I'm sure native speaker will tell you more. Marianna Chodorowska-Pilch Lecturer, Univ. of Southern California _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Grupo Buck de Argentina [mailto:buck@mail.pccp.com.ar] Sent: 06 November 2000 11:14 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: RE: Unusual Spanish construction At 09:04 a.m. 06/11/00 +0100, you wrote: >Bernieh, > >Thankyou so much for your input. The statistics certainly confirm that this >is a highly unusual construction, to say the least. I agree with all of your >analysis; the trouble is that three natives have now confirmed this sentence >to me here in Spain, so the plot thickens. > Let's accept that the sentence is grammatical, but rewrite the implicit subject and indirect object as: - ''Se le habiamos olvidado'' - ''Se le hab?amos olvidado (a ella)'' - ''(Nosotros) se le hab?amos olvidado (a ella)'' by doing this, we are very near of the original meaning ''Ella se hab?a olvidado de nosotros'' and subject (Nosotros) and verb agree. If this is right, then the real message conveyed in the sentence is ''We had been forgotten by her''); the focus is on ''us'', not on ''her''... ''(nosotros) Hab?amos sido olvidados (por ella)... ''Se hab?a olvidado ella de nosotros''... ''Se le hab?amos olvidado'' (.... even ''Hab?amosele olvidado''??!!) Interesting and unusual... I'll try to find more on this. Regards, Bernieh. P.D.: Note that the above does not work with other verbs, lets say ''Burlar''. We cannot derive ''Hab?amos sido burlados por ella''... ''Se hab?a burlado ella de nosotros''... ''Se le hab?amos burlado''... that is, unless your friends from Barcelona say so :-) - -------------------------------------------------------------- Bernardo Humberto Banega (h) Grupo Buck de Argentina | Universidad Tecnol?gica Nacional mailto:buck@mail.pccp.com.ar | mailto:banega@rec.utn.edu.ar http://www.pccp.com.ar/buck | http://www.utn.edu.ar MOO news, see http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/moonlight English Teaching/Learning, see http://bernieh.com.ar - -------------------------------------------------------------- _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Joaquim Brand?o de Carvalho [mailto:jbrandao@ext.jussieu.fr] Sent: 06 November 2000 09:03 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Portuguese also At 0:37 +0000 6/11/00, The LINGUIST Network wrote: >''Se le habiamos olvidado'', in the sense of ''(Ella) se habia olvidado de >nosotros''. I didn't know of such spanish constructions. I just wanted to tell you that Portuguese also has a similar feature. For example, ''I forgot the oranges'' can be said either as (1) or as (2a) : (1) a. Esqueci as laranjas b. Esqueci-me das laranjas [das = de+as] (2) a. Esqueceram-me as laranjas. b. **Esqueceram-me das laranjas. c. *Esqueceram-se das laranjas = ''they forgot the oranges''. Note, however, that : (a) the subject of (2a)-type constructions is necessarily a 3rd person (so that your Spanish example, with nosotros, would be impossible in Port.) ; (b) the order is always VS in (2a) wheras both VS and SV are allowed in (1)-like sentences ; otherwise (''As laranjas esqueceram-me''), the meaning would be absurd (''the oranges forgot me''). I'm mainly a phonologist. No idea on how those things are to be analyzed. But could it be the case that Spanish has only operated a generalisation from the 3rd (and unmarked) person to the whole personal paradigm? Best wishes. - Joaquim Brandao de Carvalho 320, rue des Pyr?n?es 75020 Paris France Tel./fax : 01 43 66 95 24 (If calling from outside France, please replace the prefix '01' with '00331'.) jbrandao@ext.jussieu.fr Departement de linguistique Faculte des Sciences Humaines et Sociales - Sorbonne Universite Rene Descartes - Paris V CNRS : ESA 7018, GDR 1954 _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Timothy L. Face [mailto:face.2@osu.edu] Sent: 06 November 2000 13:21 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Re: unusual Spanish construction Colin, While not a native Spanish speaker, but also a fluent non-native, I have not come across this construction with the first person plural, but it shouldn't be too much of a surprise since I have seen it with other forms of the verb. An example would be ''Se le perdieron las llaves'' where the meaning is ''Ella perdi? las llaves''. I think it just removes the active subject (ella) from the responsibility of having lost the keys (or in your example, from having forgotten about us) and just makes him/her the one to whom the action has happened, a much more passive, and perhaps innocent, role. It could be the equivalent of the difference in English between ''My keys got lost'' or ''My keys disappeared'' and ''I lost my keys''. It does seem a bit more unusual with the first person plural, though, but perhaps not impossible. Tim Face _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Karl Reinhardt [mailto:remy@hal-pc.org] Sent: 06 November 2000 17:03 To: 'cwhiteley@tycoint.com' Subject: <Linguist list. If you find it acceptable, please suggest how it should be analysed, e.g. whether the verb is 1st person plural or 3rd person singular + a suffixed pronoun ''-mos''.>> It looks and sounds funny, but seems well formed. Se me olvido traer ... Subject: traer. Se le olvidaron sus tareas. Subject: tareas. Se le olvidamos nosotros: Subject nosotros. Moved to pluscuamperfecto: Se le habiamos olvidado nosotros. (As to what the subject is, you are thinking of some other language, perhaps English. This is like saying that ''No me gustaron esas peliculas'' is first person because the English translation has I as subject.) Not a native speaker, but a fairly good analyst as well as user. Usually, though, the construction means that subject slipped out of the mind of indirect object. As though your sentence might mean that we (s)he/you (usted) left us behind, rather than (s)he/you didn't recognize us. Karl _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: marta ortega llabaria [mailto:marta@phonetics.UCL.ac.uk] Sent: 07 November 2000 01:08 To: cwhiteley Subject: Dear Colin, I am a native speaker of Spanish -- born in Barcelona-- and this construction seems ungrammatical to me. _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: William H. Fletcher [mailto:fletcher@usna.edu] Sent: 06 November 2000 18:26 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Se le habiamos olvidado Just a brief note on ''Se le habiamos olvidado'': this type of construction must be rare, if indeed it has more than a pedantic / theoretical existence. In a quick search on AltavVista, which indexes 7-8 million web pages, I could find no examples of ''se le(s) hemos | habiamos'', and only 34 of ''se le(s) he...'', none of which were comparable to your example. Yet even in such a large corpus not all possible constructions are necessarily found. I'm looking forward to your summary of responses from native speakers. Bill Fletcher - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - William H. Fletcher (410) 293-6362 [voice] Associate Professor of German and Spanish (410) 293-2729 [fax] Language Studies Department US Naval Academy 589 McNair Road Annapolis, MD 21402 - 5030 fletcher@usna.edu http://www.usna.edu/LangStudy/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Jose-Luis Mendivil [mailto:jlmendi@posta.unizar.es] Sent: 06 November 2000 18:47 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Re: Unusual Spanish construction Hola, Colin. Espero que no te importe que te conteste en castellano. Mi primera reacci?n como hablante nativo ha sido la misma que la tuya (si te sirve de consuelo), pero la verdad es que pens?ndolo un poco debo estar de acuerdo con tu informante: es aceptable, aunque ciertamente inusual. Antes del an?lisis, considera estos ejemplos: 1) A Luisa se le hab?an olvidado los bocadillos 2) Los bocadillos se le hab?an olvidado 3) Se le hab?an olvidado Podemos decir (3) para referirnos a lo mismo que decimos en (1) si no queremos especificar qu? se hab?a olvidado a qui?n, siempre partiendo de un esquema b?sico activo como el siguiente: Luisa hab?a olvidado los bocadillos Es ese mismo contexto en el que hay que entender tu ejemplo. No se trata de que Luisa se haya olvidado de los bocadillos, esto es, que no los recuerde (aunque tambi?n podr?a usarse en ese contexto), sino de que Luisa ha olvidado coger los bocadillos y se los ha dejado en casa, etc. y todo ello en 'pasiva refleja'. Si sustituimos el SN de tercera persona 'los bocadillos' por el pronombre de primera persona 'nosotros', entonces tendremos el mismo caso: 4) A Luisa se le hab?amos olvidado nosotros 5) Nosotros se le hab?amos olvidado 6) Se le hab?amos olvidado Lo extra?o de la construccion no es tanto la estructura (como se observa en 1-3) sino que 'nosotros' se est? empleando como si fuera un sintagma nominal definido m?s que como un pronombre. F?jate que la expresi?n de base en esta caso ser?a algo bastante raro: Luisa (nos) hab?a olvidado a nosotros Intento explicarme: el ejemplo no significa 'ella se hab?a olvidado de nosotros' en el sentido de que ya no se acordaba de nosotros, sino que se hab?a olvidado incluir 'nosotros' en alguna actividad o categor?a, por ejemplo ponernos en una lista de personas que van a entrar gratis a la Opera. Considera el siguiente di?logo: - ?C?mo es que hab?is tenido que pagar la entrada para El Liceo si Luisa dijo que os pondr?a en la lista de invitados? - Pues porque se le hemos olvidado nosotros y no nos ha puesto en la lista. Lamento no poder ser m?s preciso en la caracterizaci?n de ese uso de 'nosotros', pero no me viene a la cabeza una forma standard de denominaci?n de ese fen?meno. El efecto curioso viene porque 'nosotros' o 'los bocadillos' son formalmente el sujeto del verbo y, por tanto debe existir concordancia con ?ste. En 1-3 el verbo concuerda con 'los bocadillos' (tercer del plural, 'hab?an'). En 4-6, aunque 'nosotros' no sea el participante que olvida, sino el que es olvidado, debe concordar igualmente. La forma es, pues, 'hab?amos' (primera persona del plural) sin ninguna duda (no existe -mos como sufijo de persona fuera de las formas flexivas). Otro aspecto que complica el asunto es la posible inclusi?n del hablante en un sintagma de tercera persona, lo que provocar?a una concordancia de primera persona: Te repito al di?logo ahora con 'Colin y Pepe' en vez de 'nosotros', pero imagina que es Colin quien responde: - ?C?mo es que Colin y Pepe han tenido que pagar la entrada para El Liceo si Luisa dijo que los pondr?a en la lista de invitados? - Pues porque (Colin y Pepe) se le hemos olvidado y no nos ha puesto en la lista. Este es m?s raro a?n, pero aceptable. Es lo que llamar?amos una 'concordancia ad sensum'. En todo caso, es ciertamente una construcci?n extra?a y te felicito por tu buen olfato. No dudes en pedirme cualquier otra explicaci?n. Un saludo cordial, Jos? Luis. - ******************************** Dr. Jos? Luis Mend?vil Gir? Area de Ling??stica General Dep. de Ling??stica General e Hisp?nica Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza (Spain) Tfno.: (+34) 976 761 000 Ext. 3978 Fax: (+34) 976 761 541 E-mail: jlmendi@posta.unizar.es _________________________________ Hi, Yes, now it sounds possible, but as you said, unusual. 'Se me olvido traer..' and 'se le olvidaron sus tareas' are quite all right, 'Se le olvidamos nosotros' sounds unusual, and 'se le habiamos olvidado nosotros' sounds very unusual to me. I think I expect some kind of 'agreement' between the 'se' and a third person verb ending, in spite that 'nosotros' is the subject. - ---Original Message----- >From: Colin Whiteley To: marta ortega llabaria Date: Monday, November 06, 2000 9:12 AM Subject: RE: Spanish sentence >Marta, > >Thanks for your response. What do you think of this suggestion from Karl >Reinhardt [remy@hal-pc.org]. Do you still find it ungrammatical? It's a very >curious case. > >>It looks and sounds funny, but seems well formed. >>Se me olvido traer ... Subject: traer. >>Se le olvidaron sus tareas. Subject: tareas. >>Se le olvidamos nosotros: Subject nosotros. >>Moved to pluscuamperfecto: Se le habiamos olvidado nosotros. > > > > -----Original Message----- >>From: marta ortega llabaria [mailto:marta@phonetics.UCL.ac.uk] >Sent: Tuesday, November 07, 2000 1:08 AM >To: cwhiteley >Subject: > > >Dear Colin, > >I am a native speaker of Spanish -- born in Barcelona-- and this >construction seems ungrammatical to me. > > _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Florencia Franceschina [mailto:ffranc@essex.ac.uk] Sent: 06 November 2000 20:51 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Unusual Spanish construction Dear Colin I'm a native speaker of River Plate Spanish and this construction seems perfectly grammatical to me. The -mos at the end does not look like a pronoun to me -it looks rather like a regular verb inflection given that you can have the same verb conjugated in different persons/number as in: Se me hab?a olvidado la leche. Se te hab?an olvidado los ni?os. Se le hab?amos olvidado nosotros. The oddity of the construction, I would say, is that the agreement is between the V and the logical O (although, thinking about it, it may be because this is some sort of passive-like construction). I've never done much work on the Spanish verb system so I may be completely wrong, but I hope this will be of some help. Best wishes Florencia Franceschina _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Fernando Rubio [mailto:fer@mind.net] Sent: 07 November 2000 04:12 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Se le habiamos olvidado Interesting question. I thought it was clearly ungrammatical when I first read it, but then I started to analyze it and decided it makes sense. Let me think a little bit more about it and I'll give you my final answer. My wife, also a native speaker of Spanish, says it is not grammatical. My gut feeling right now (without having given it too much thought ) is that this kind of structure is highly intransitive in the sense that it requires a grammatical subject that does not participate at all in the action predicated by the verb, but in this case the subject is the first person plural nosotros. What makes the sentece anomalous is the combination of the first person, which usually implies a high degree of participation, with this structure that requires an almost passive (I.E. INACTIVE) subject. By the way, the ending -mos is definitely not a pronoun as you suggested, maybe by mistake. I am sure you were thinking of -nos, because -mos can never be a clitic pronoun (or any kind of pronoun in Spanish). Hope it helps, Fernando Rubio Southern Oregon University _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Juan C. Ruiz [mailto:ruiz@trad.uji.es] Sent: 07 November 2000 14:48 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Strange ungrammatical sentence in Spanish Colin, Respecto a tu mensaje en la lista LINGUIST : Esa frase es absolutamente agramatical. Para empezar, el sufijo -mos indica que el sujeto es 'nosotros' (primera persona del plural); por esa raz?n, el pronombre cl?tico deber?a ser 'nos'. Adem?s, como el verbo 'olvidar' es transitivo, el otro pronombre deber?a ser objeto directo 'la', no objeto indirecto 'le'. En suma, la frase gramatical deber?a ser 'nos la hab?amos olvidado', que por supuesto no significa lo mismo. No se me ocurre que hablante nativo de castellano podr?a construir semejante frase. ?latinoamericano? No s?. En todo caso, tampoco puede acharcarse esta construcci?n a influencia del catal?n, que tiene las mismas constricciones gramaticales que el castellano respecto a concordancia, etc.: las frases equivalentes ser?an 'ens l'haviem oblidat' y '(ella) s'havia oblidat de nosaltres'. Espero haber sido de ayuda, _________________________________ - ---Original Message----- >From: Danilo Vilicic [mailto:dvilicic@ctcreuna.cl] Sent: 23 December 2000 16:52 To: cwhiteley@tycoint.com Subject: Comment ''Se le habiamos olvidado'' is unnacceptable,and grammatically incorrect. I'm a native speaker,and I needed your explanation to understand it! It's grammatically incorrect because the verb points to ''her''(or any 3rd person singular) not to ''us''.''Le habiamos olvidado'':we forgot to her,and the pronoun ''se'' ,I think is taken from constructions like:se lo dije,etc.But anyways you will always hear :''se lo'',never ''se le''.It's a double dative!!!! And the pronoun se in ''se lo'' comes from old spanish llelo>gelo>se lo(latin:illi illum),and it has nothing to do with the reflexive pronoun ''se''. Kind regards, Danilo Vilicic _________________________________ Forwarding item 0790035 from DANIELRR@RETEMAIL.ES sent on 2000/11/0809:55 This is absolutely ungrammatical. Your informant must be kidding! Best, Daniel. - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Daniel Ria?o Rufilanchas Madrid, Espa?a |
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| LL Issue: | 12.38 | |
| Date Posted: | 09-Jan-2001 | |
| Original Query: | Read original query | |
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